If you are diabetic, you must be familiar with checking your blood sugar levels as it is important to keep it under control. You may experience episodes of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Have you ever wondered what causes your blood sugar levels to rise and drop?
Dr Ranga Santhosh Kumar, Consultant General Physician and Diabetologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, explained the reasons behind the fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
Dr Kumar said that diabetes can lead to various complications due to fluctuating blood sugar levels. These complications are linked to the accumulation of Advanced Protein Glycation End Products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in the body. AGEs are harmful compounds that occur in the bloodstream when protein or fat interacts with sugar.
High blood sugar levels can result in nausea, vomiting, or shortness of breath, whereas low blood sugar levels can result in disorientation, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures, unconsciousness, or even death. According to MedlinePlus, proper blood sugar control is critical for avoiding potential diabetic consequences such as kidney disease, nerve damage, eye issues, stroke, and heart disease.
Causes of Blood Sugar Spikes
Lack of Physical Activity
Regular exercise helps our muscles utilise glucose more efficiently, lowering blood sugar levels. Without appropriate physical exercise, our systems may struggle to manage blood sugar adequately, resulting in higher levels. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), eating well, regular exercise, adequate medication (if necessary), and regular blood sugar readings can all help you keep your levels within a healthy range.
Also Read: Nerve Damage In Diabetes: Expert Explains The Connection And How To Prevent Diabetic Neuropathy
Stress and Hormonal Changes
Stress causes the release of stress hormones like cortisol, which can cause blood sugar levels to rise. Similarly, hormonal changes, such as those experienced during menstruation or menopause, can impact insulin sensitivity and lead to fluctuations in blood sugar.
Carbohydrate-rich Foods
Consuming foods high in carbohydrates, such as sugary treats, refined grains, and starchy foods, can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels. These carbohydrates are quickly broken down into glucose, leading to a sudden spike in blood sugar.
Dehydration
Your blood sugar levels can rise if you are dehydrated. This is because having less water in your body means having more concentrated blood sugar.
Causes of Blood Sugar Drops
Overconsumption of Alcohol
Alcohol can impair the liver's capacity to release stored glucose, resulting in low blood glucose levels. Also, excessive alcohol consumption can impair judgement and hinder the recognition of low blood sugar symptoms.
Also Read: Diabetes Increases Risk Of Cataracts: Expert Explains The Connection
Skipping Meals or Delayed Eating
Regular and balanced meals aid in the maintenance of stable blood sugar levels. Skipping or postponing meals for extended periods might result in a sharp decline in blood sugar.
Physical Activity and Exercise
Engaging in vigorous exercise without proper planning and adjustment of medication or food intake can cause blood sugar levels to drop rapidly. Physical activity increases glucose uptake by muscles, which, combined with medications, can lead to hypoglycemia if not managed carefully.
Bottomline
Dr Kumar concludes, “Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is essential for managing diabetes and reducing the risk of complications. Fluctuations in blood sugar can have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health, emphasising the importance of glycemic control. Regular monitoring, proper medication management, and a balanced lifestyle with healthy eating habits and regular exercise can help maintain stable blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications.”
.jpg)
