According to the latest research published in The Lancet Rheumatology Journal, it has been found that by 2050, approximately one billion individuals worldwide are anticipated to be residing with osteoarthritis, a condition that impacts joints.
After analysing osteoarthritis data spanning three decades (1990-2020) from over 200 countries, the study indicates that currently, 15% of the global population aged 30 years or older is grappling with osteoarthritis.
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in Washington, US, conducted a study as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. This study found that in 2020, the number of people affected by osteoarthritis was 595 million, which marks a significant 132% increase from the 256 million individuals reported in 1990.
The notable surge in osteoarthritis cases was primarily ascribed to factors such as ageing, population expansion, and obesity, according to the study. In fact, in 2020, the study determined that approximately 20% of osteoarthritis-related disability could be attributed to obesity. By the year 2050, it is projected that the condition will witness a surge of 74.9% in knee cases, 48.65% in hand cases, 78.6% in hip cases, and 95.1% in other joints, encompassing the elbow and shoulder.
Osteoarthritis In Women
The prevalence of osteoarthritis is higher among women compared to men, and this pattern is anticipated to persist. During the year 2020, osteoarthritis cases were distributed with 61% occurring in women and 39% in men.
Dr Jacek Kopek, a senior author and professor in the School of Population and Public Health at the University of British Columbia, stated that the reasons for gender differences in osteoarthritis prevalence are under investigation. He explained that genetics, hormonal factors, and anatomical differences are believed to play a role.
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What Is Osteoarthritis
Dr Chetan Jakaraddi, Consultant and Surgeon, Joint Replacement and Arthroscopy, HCG Hubli, Karnataka said, “Osteoarthritis, commonly referred to as degenerative arthritis, is a persistent condition that leads to the deterioration, pain, rigidity, and inflammation of joints. While it can impact any joint, it most frequently affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine. As a prominent contributor to disability, there exist various factors responsible for the onset of osteoarthritis, including the breakdown of the cushioning cartilage within joints. Cartilage, a durable and flexible tissue that coats the ends of bones in a joint, facilitates seamless movement by enabling smooth gliding between bones.”
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Causes Of Osteoarthritis
Dr Jakaraddi said, “As we grow older, the cartilage within our joints tends to thin and deteriorate, often resulting in the onset of osteoarthritis.” Additional factors that can play a role in the emergence of osteoarthritis encompass:
- Obesity: Carrying additional weight places added strain on the joints, hastening the degradation of cartilage due to increased wear and tear.
- Injury: Past joint injuries heighten the likelihood of developing posttraumatic arthritis in the later stages of life.
- Genetics: Genetic predisposition can elevate an individual's vulnerability to developing osteoarthritis.
- Work Environment: Occupations that entail repetitive movements or frequent lifting can raise the susceptibility to osteoarthritis development.
Diagnosing Osteoarthritis
Dr Jakaraddi informed, “To diagnose osteoarthritis, a physical examination and review of the patient's medical history are conducted. Additionally, diagnostic imaging like X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans might be requested to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the disease's extent. Blood tests are generally not utilised for osteoarthritis diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment is usually necessary.”
[Disclaimer: This article is based on a study and includes insights from the expert. If you are dealing with this condition, consult with your doctor immediately.]
