The Indian Cancer Congress (ICC) convened this week, highlighting the pressing issue of rising cancer cases in the country. While the overall incidence rate has not surged as rapidly as in the West, India is facing a significant increase in the absolute number of new cases annually due to population growth and better diagnoses. Currently, 1.4 million new cancer cases are detected each year, with projections indicating a rise to 2 million by 2040.
Regional Disparities
Data reveals that some of the highest cancer incidence rates are concentrated in Northeastern states. Aizawl, the capital of Mizoram, reports the highest cancer incidence among men, while the Papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh records the highest incidence among women. Even major metropolitan areas like Mumbai are witnessing stable yet concerning rates.
Strategic Focus on Screening
Experts attribute the comparatively stable overall incidence rates in India to a strategic focus on screening for specific cancers, including oral, breast, and cervical cancers. Dr. Rajendra Badwe, Director of Tata Memorial Centre, emphasised this approach, which differs from extensive screening practices in the West.
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Micro-level Variations
While India's overall cancer incidence remains stable, micro-level variations exist. Cervical cancer rates have sharply declined, contrasting with the rise in breast, lung, and oral cancers. Despite the decrease in incidence, cervical cancer still presents a high mortality rate.
Infrastructure Expansion
Dr. Sanjay Sharma, Chairman of the ICC, stressed the burden on healthcare facilities due to the increasing absolute numbers of cancer cases. He advocated for government subsidies to establish more cancer hospitals, addressing the shortage of facilities. Tata Memorial Centre has taken proactive steps, creating new cancer hospitals and planning additional expansions.
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Workforce Development
While larger cities have an adequate number of cancer experts, there is a need for these professionals to relocate to smaller cities where cancer centres are emerging. Dr. Shripad Banavali of TMC highlighted the importance of supporting the growth of cancer centers in smaller cities through workforce development initiatives.
Future Outlook
Experts remain hopeful that with strategic planning and government support, India will have enough cancer centres to meet the rising demand by 2033. The urgent focus is on expanding infrastructure, enhancing medical workforce, and addressing regional disparities to effectively tackle the growing cancer burden in the country.
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