Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis and is often referred to as a degenerative joint disease. This condition can range from asymptomatic and incidental to severely debilitating. It typically presents with joint discomfort and loss of function, impacting the quality of life for those affected. Osteoarthritis can be categorised into primary and secondary subtypes. Primary osteoarthritis has a strong genetic component, while secondary osteoarthritis is associated with identifiable causes, such as trauma or inflammatory conditions.
In the management of osteoarthritis, physiotherapy plays a crucial role, offering non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve overall joint health. To know more about it, we spoke to Dr Purnachandra Tejaswi, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad.
Ways Physiotherapy Helps Osteoarthritis Patients
Non-Pharmacologic Therapy
According to Dr Tejaswi, "Non-pharmacologic therapy forms the cornerstone of primary osteoarthritis management, and physiotherapy interventions are integral to this approach."
"The strategies include avoiding activities that exacerbate pain or strain the joints, engaging in exercises to enhance strength, weight management, and utilising assistive devices like braces, splints, canes, or crutches," he added.
Also Read: Osteoarthritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment
Exercise Regimens
The doctor added that exercise regimens combining aerobic and resistance training can significantly reduce pain and improve physical function, making them essential components of treatment plans. Additionally, orthotics and realignment braces can help address joint misalignment mechanically.
Prioritising Exercise Therapy
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy suggested that it is crucial to prioritise exercise therapy and encourage physical activity as the primary treatment option for individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis. "Especially in the early stages of osteoarthritis, adequate exercises along with certain precautions and lifestyle modifications play an important role in giving symptomatic relief as well as delaying the progression of osteoarthritis," he added.
Reduction of Pain and Medication Reliance through Exercise Therapy
"Exercise therapy not only reduces pain but can also decrease the reliance on pharmacological pain medications, minimising potential adverse effects," said the doctor. He added that physiotherapy has been shown to improve pain levels, physical function, and overall quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Also Read: Running With Knee Osteoarthritis: Doctor Explains Dos And Don'ts
Optimal Exercise Levels and Specificity for Knee Osteoarthritis
"Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (i.e., 7500 steps per day) or two days a week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are beneficial for individuals with pre-existing knee osteoarthritis," suggested Dr Tejaswi. "In addition, there is more pain reduction when quadriceps-specific exercises are performed under supervision," he added.
Complementary Adjunct Therapies
"Adjunct therapies, such as thermal modalities, laser therapy, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, manual therapy techniques, taping, and acupuncture may also complement physiotherapy interventions," he added.
Conclusion
Dr Tejaswi said, "Patient education, regular exercise, and weight maintenance are crucial for successful osteoarthritis management. Furthermore, physiotherapy plays a vital role in the post-operative rehabilitation of patients who have undergone knee replacement surgeries for osteoarthritis."
Physiotherapy is a valuable modality in the comprehensive management of osteoarthritis. By combining exercise therapy, lifestyle modifications, and adjunct therapies, physiotherapists can effectively alleviate pain, improve physical function, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with osteoarthritis. With its evidence-based approach and patient-centred focus, physiotherapy plays an integral role in the multi-faceted treatment of osteoarthritis, empowering individuals to lead active and fulfilling lives.
[Disclaimer: The information in this article is provided by a registered dietician. However, we recommend you consult your healthcare provider for a diet plan as per your body's requirements.]
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