Thyroid disorders, encompassing both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, have a profound impact on various organs within the body. Dr Vidya Tickoo, Consultant Endocrinologist and Diabetologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, shed light on how these conditions if left untreated, can lead to a cascade of health issues throughout the body.
Hypothyroidism is characterised by insufficient levels of thyroid hormones, resulting in a deceleration of the body's metabolic processes. Conversely, hyperthyroidism involves an excess of thyroid hormones, which accelerates metabolism. The implications of both these conditions extend far beyond the thyroid itself, affecting diverse physiological functions.
According to the Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, around 200 million individuals across the globe are believed to be affected by thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing how these disorders affect your body parts is important to better manage the condition.
Also Read: World Thyroid Day 2023: Experts Explain Types Of Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid Disorders and Their Impact on the Body
Here's how thyroid disorders impact your body parts.
Impact on Skin and Hair
"Skin and hair are often the first to bear the brunt of thyroid dysfunction," said Dr Tickoo. She added that hypothyroidism can lead to dry, coarse skin and hair loss, while hyperthyroidism triggers excessive sweating and hair fall. "These outward manifestations are indicators of the deeper impact thyroid disorders can have on internal systems," highlighted Dr Tickoo.
Impact on the Heart and Nervous System
"A concerning link exists between thyroid health and heart health. Hypothyroidism elevates the risk of heart attacks, raises bad cholesterol levels, and contributes to high blood pressure," said Dr Tickoo.
She added that hyperthyroidism disrupts heart rhythm and may even lead to heart failure. "The consequences extend to the nervous system, with hypothyroidism causing sluggishness and, in severe cases, even coma. This condition also induces weakness and tingling in the extremities. Hyperthyroidism, in contrast, manifests as restlessness, tremors, and anxiety-related symptoms," she highlighted.
Impact on Gastrointestinal Functions
Gastrointestinal functions also come under the sway of thyroid abnormalities. "Hypothyroidism often results in constipation and diminished nutrient absorption in the intestines. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can lead to loose motions, illustrating how the thyroid's delicate balance is intricately linked to gut health," said Dr Tickoo.
Also Read: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Could Mean Thyroid Disorder: Understanding The Cause And Warning Signs
Impact on Women
"Hypothyroidism leads to irregular periods and heavy menstrual flow, while hyperthyroidism causes scanty bleeding," said Dr Tickoo. She highlighted that infertility becomes a potential concern with both conditions if left untreated; however, effective management can restore fertility. "The ramifications extend to bone health as well. Both hypo and hyperthyroidism elevate the risk of osteoporosis, rendering bones fragile and susceptible to fractures," said the doctor.
Impact on Endocrine System
"The endocrine system's interconnected nature is highlighted by the relationship between thyroid problems and blood sugar levels. Prolonged hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can contribute to elevated blood sugar, potentially leading to diabetes. Thankfully, addressing the underlying thyroid issue can lead to a reversal of these effects," said Dr Tickoo.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is crucial to recognise that thyroid problems extend beyond their initial symptoms, permeating into various facets of health. As individuals, being vigilant about our thyroid health and seeking medical attention for any abnormalities can prevent many health concerns.
[Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Consult your healthcare provider to get a thorough diagnosis and treatment as per your health needs.]
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