The thyroid, an endocrine gland nestled in the neck, plays a pivotal role in the body's vital functions through the secretion of hormones. Its primary responsibility is regulating the body's metabolism. When the thyroid's function is compromised, it can have a ripple effect on various bodily processes, including menstrual cycles. While genetics, lifestyle, and other factors contribute to the timing of menopause, there is growing interest in exploring the potential link between thyroid disorders and the onset of early menopause.
We spoke to Dr Karthika Reddy Byreddy, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Yashoda Hospitals Hyderabad, explained the connection between thyroid health and menopause.
Thyroid Function and Its Impact on Menstrual Cycles
Dr Byreddy said, “The thyroid gland, responsible for producing hormones that influence metabolism and energy, has a profound influence on overall health. Dysfunctions in this gland can disturb the hormonal balance, leading to irregularities in menstrual cycles. Whether the thyroid is underactive or overactive, these imbalances can disrupt the delicate harmony of the reproductive system.”
According to Menopause Review/Przegla̜d Menopauzalny, thyroid disorders primarily impact women, with their occurrence being 5-20 times more frequent in women compared to men. Furthermore, the prevalence of most thyroid disorders rises with advancing age.
Dr Byreddy added, “Both hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can contribute to issues with menstrual cycles. The presentation of symptoms might vary based on the type of thyroid disorder one experiences. Interestingly, both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can manifest symptoms akin to those of menopause.”
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The Intersection of Thyroid and Menopause
Dr Byreddy informed, “The average age for menopause to occur in women is between 45-55. In contrast, hypothyroidism can emerge at any point in life, including during the reproductive years. Research has indicated a potential relationship between levels of oestrogen, a key reproductive hormone and thyroid hormone levels.”
Early menopause refers to the cessation of menstruation before the age of 40 or in the early 40s. While the majority of thyroid disorders are attributed to autoimmune factors, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's organs, the ovaries can also be affected. Dr Byreddy added, “Premature menopause seems to be more prevalent in women with thyroid disorders compared to the general population. However, a definitive link between thyroid disorders and early menopause is yet to be fully established.”
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Relationship Between Thyroid Disorder And Menopause
Dr Byreddy said, “While women with untreated or uncontrolled thyroid issues might experience irregular menstrual patterns, variations in flow, or even amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), it's important to note that these thyroid-induced changes do not directly trigger early menopause. Instead, early menopause is typically attributed to a decline in the number of functioning eggs in the ovaries.”
Diagnostic measures for thyroid disorders are relatively straightforward, involving a simple blood test. This can help differentiate between thyroid dysfunction and menopause. If thyroid-related issues are suspected, consulting a healthcare professional becomes crucial. Identifying and managing thyroid disorders can lead to improved overall health and the prevention of potential complications.
Bottomline
Dr Byreddy concluded, “The interplay between thyroid disorders and early menopause is an intriguing subject under ongoing investigation. The thyroid's influence on hormonal balance and its potential impact on menstrual cycles is undeniable. However, while some correlations exist, a concrete cause-and-effect relationship between thyroid disorders and early menopause remains elusive. Monitoring thyroid health through regular check-ups, embracing a healthy lifestyle, and seeking medical guidance when needed can collectively contribute to better reproductive and overall well-being.”
Disclaimer
The information in this article is shared by a registered healthcare professional and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult with your expert for a diagnosis based on your body type and medical history.
