Thyroid disorders, encompassing conditions like hypothyroidism (low thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid), can have a range of effects on the body. One common aspect indicates that thyroid disorders can impact joint health and contribute to conditions like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. We spoke to Dr Pramod V Satya, Consultant, Internal Medicine, Manipal Hospital Millers Road, who explained the connection between thyroid disorders and joint health.
Dr Satya said, “While thyroid hormones do not directly impact joint cartilage, these disorders lead to joint issues through various mechanisms. In most cases, hypothyroidism-associated joint problems involve multiple joints, usually the weight-bearing joints of the knee and ankle. This joint pain is not associated with morning stiffness.”
Hypothyroidism and Joint Pain
Hypothyroidism, characterised by low thyroid hormone levels, can indirectly lead to joint issues through several mechanisms:
Muscle Weakness (or Proximal Myopathy)
Dr Satya highlighted, “Muscle weakness, also referred to as proximal myopathy, is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. It particularly affects muscles in the proximal region (closer to the body's core) and can alter the alignment of joints.” As a result, joints may undergo abnormal stress, leading to the development of osteoarthritis or the wear and tear of the joint. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition where the joint cartilage gets worn out over time, causing joint pain and discomfort.
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Increased Body Weight
Dr Satya said, “Hypothyroidism often results in weight gain due to a slowed metabolism. This excess body weight puts increased stress on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and ankles.” This heightened mechanical stress can accelerate the wear and tear of the joint cartilage, increasing the risk of arthritis and osteoarthritis in patients who are obese and overweight.
Increased Uric Acid leading to Gouty Arthritis
Hypothyroidism can lead to an increase in uric acid levels in the blood, which can contribute to the development of gouty arthritis or commonly called gout. A gout is an inflammatory form of arthritis triggered by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. This accumulation results in intense joint pain and swelling.
According to a meta-analysis conducted by frontiers in Endocrinology, it was found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism.
Also Read: From Hyperthyroidism To Medications: Expert Lists Health Conditions That May Cause Diaphoresis
Impact Of Hyperthyroidism
Dr Satya said, “Hyperthyroidism also has negative implications on joint health. Hyperthyroidism disrupts the balance of calcium metabolism and reduces the production of parathyroid hormone.” This imbalance contributes to excess bone resorption (loss of bone density), leading to severe osteoporosis. Severe bone and joint pain can result from fractures and overall bone deterioration.
Bottomline
Dr Satya concluded, “In both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, joint issues can vary in severity and location. Also, not all individuals with thyroid disorders experience joint pain or related issues. However, early intervention to diagnose joint issues is crucial for individuals with thyroid disorders as this can help manage and address potential joint-related issues effectively. Proper evaluation, guidance, and personalised management treatment go a long way in treating these thyroid patients, who are already at an increased risk for joint problems.”
Disclaimer
The information in this article is shared by registered healthcare and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult with your expert if you are dealing with any health complications and seek necessary measures.
